{"id":772,"date":"2022-11-30T17:30:16","date_gmt":"2022-11-30T17:30:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/?p=772"},"modified":"2023-04-27T18:59:01","modified_gmt":"2023-04-27T18:59:01","slug":"module-7-b-endoscopes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/?p=772","title":{"rendered":"Module 7: B. Endoscopes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2>Endoscopes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>   Endoscopes are the method of visualizing internal organs or structures during MIS procedures. They can be inserted through a natural body orifice (i.e., a colonoscope, cystoscope, ureteroscope, or bronchoscope) or through a small incision (i.e., a laparoscope or arthroscope). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>   These scopes can be rigid, semi-rigid, or flexible. Some scopes have working channels so that procedures can be performed through them. This includes suction, irrigation, or even the ability to pass instruments through, while others just provide visualization. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Field of View:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-4 wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-container-1 wp-block-column\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"299\" height=\"299\" src=\"https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-638-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-662\" srcset=\"https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-638-8.png 299w, https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-638-8-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 299px) 100vw, 299px\" \/><figcaption>0\u00b0<p> <\/p><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-2 wp-block-column\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"299\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-638-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-663\" srcset=\"https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-638-9.png 299w, https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-638-9-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 299px) 100vw, 299px\" \/><figcaption>30\u00b0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-3 wp-block-column\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"300\" height=\"299\" src=\"https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-638-10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-664\" srcset=\"https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-638-10.png 300w, https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-638-10-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption>45\u00b0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>   Endoscopes come in varied sizes and diameters, depending on their purpose. Rigid scopes can have the distal lens look straight forward at 0 degrees, or can be angled at 30, 70, or 120 degrees. Because flexible scopes can be angled by the user, they can allow for a panoramic view. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\n  (Ball, 2019)\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-7 wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-container-5 wp-block-column\">\n<h5>Flexible Endoscopes<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>   Components of a flexible scope: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>     <strong>Control body:<\/strong> Angulation knobs, air-water channels, biopsy port, eyepiece   <\/li><li>     <strong>Insertion tube:<\/strong> Flexible tube containing channels for suction, biopsy, irrigation, air and water, image bundles for the fiberscope, and light bundles   <\/li><li>    <strong> Bending section:<\/strong> Section at the distal tip that has to bend rubber, lenses, air-water nozzle, C-cover, and chip for videoscopes   <\/li><li>     <strong>Light-guide connector: <\/strong>Suction, air-water channel   <\/li><\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-6 wp-block-column\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"2121\" height=\"1414\" src=\"https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-638-11.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-665\" srcset=\"https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-638-11.jpeg 2121w, https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-638-11-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-638-11-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-638-11-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-638-11-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-638-11-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-638-11-1200x800.jpeg 1200w, https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/word-image-638-11-1980x1320.jpeg 1980w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2121px) 100vw, 2121px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-10 wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-container-8 wp-block-column\">\n<div class=\"sketchfab-embed-wrapper\"> <iframe height=\"400px\" title=\"gastroscope olympus gif-h180 ( gastroscopio )\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen=\"true\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"true\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; xr-spatial-tracking\" xr-spatial-tracking execution-while-out-of-viewport execution-while-not-rendered web-share src=\"https:\/\/sketchfab.com\/models\/69cf311bb46b4d229fa440cb58859601\/embed?annotations_visible=0\"> <\/iframe> <p style=\"font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin: 5px; color: #4A4A4A;\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/sketchfab.com\/3d-models\/gastroscope-olympus-gif-h180-gastroscopio-69cf311bb46b4d229fa440cb58859601?utm_medium=embed&#038;utm_campaign=share-popup&#038;utm_content=69cf311bb46b4d229fa440cb58859601\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #1CAAD9;\"> gastroscope olympus gif-h180 ( gastroscopio ) <\/a> by <a href=\"https:\/\/sketchfab.com\/dyegozornitta?utm_medium=embed&#038;utm_campaign=share-popup&#038;utm_content=69cf311bb46b4d229fa440cb58859601\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #1CAAD9;\"> dyego_zornitta <\/a> on <a href=\"https:\/\/sketchfab.com?utm_medium=embed&#038;utm_campaign=share-popup&#038;utm_content=69cf311bb46b4d229fa440cb58859601\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #1CAAD9;\">Sketchfab<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-9 wp-block-column\">\n<p><strong>   Systems within a flexible endoscope: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong>Mechanical:<\/strong> Allows ports to introduce accessories to perform treatment and procedures. <\/li><li><strong>Angulation:<\/strong> Allows the distal tip to move in different directions. <\/li><li><strong>Illumination: <\/strong>Provides light to view internal structures. <\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><em>   Examples: Angioscopes, Bronchoscopes, Choledochoscopes, Colonoscopes, Cystonephroscopes, Hysteroscopes, and Mediastinoscopes. Ureteroscopes (Ball, 2019) <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-13 wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-container-11 wp-block-column\">\n<h5>Rigid Endoscopes<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>   There are four distinct components of a rigid scope: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>     Eyepiece: Contains the ocular lens.   <\/li><li>     Body: Contains light-guide connector, and valves.   <\/li><li>     Shaft: Contains rod lenses and spacers.   <\/li><li>     Distal end: Contains objective and negative lenses.   <\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><em>   Examples: Cystoscopes, Laparoscopes, Sinuscopes, Arthroscopes, Bronchoscopes, Laryngoscopes, Hysteroscopes <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\n  (Ball, 2019)\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-12 wp-block-column\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/endo-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-798\" srcset=\"https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/endo-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/endo-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/endo-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/endo.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Endoscopes Endoscopes are the method of visualizing internal organs or structures during MIS procedures. They can be inserted through a natural body orifice (i.e., a colonoscope, cystoscope, ureteroscope, or bronchoscope) or through a small incision (i.e., a laparoscope or arthroscope). These scopes can be rigid, semi-rigid, or flexible. Some scopes have working channels so that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/template-content.php","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[19],"tags":[],"wf_post_folders":[8],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/772"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=772"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/772\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1399,"href":"https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/772\/revisions\/1399"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=772"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=772"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=772"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perioperative1000.slc-courses.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fwf_post_folders&post=772"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}